Spatiotemporal distribution of the climatological fronts over Europe in the modern climate period

The geographical position of the Arctic front and two branches Polar over Europe was determined during period 1995–2015 using calculated grid fields thermal frontal parameter in troposphere layer 850–700 hPa. It revealed that climatological fronts changed both cold warm periods year comparison with climate data. most recent standard reference 1961–1990 recommended by WMO (WMO, 2017) used for comparison. is shown January there a shift northern southern to north compared period, July convergence middle latitudes observed. characterized location July. main areas frontogenesis were sea surface, namely, regions Norwegian Sea, central part Baltic western half Mediterranean Sea. In summer, more active atmospheric continent area mountain systems such as south Scandinavian mountains, Alps Pyrenees, Urals, lower Volga region. intensified Barents Seas all seasons year.